Link to our latest notes and resources: https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg Expectations for each skill (Paper 5) Planning Defining the problem Candidates should be able to: • identify the independent variable in the experiment • identify the dependent variable in the experiment • identify the variables that are to be kept constant. Methods of data collection Candidates should be able to: • describe the method to be used to vary the independent variable • describe how the independent and dependent variables are to be measured • describe how other variables are to be kept constant • describe, with the aid of a clear labelled diagram, the arrangement of apparatus for the experiment and the procedures to be followed. For full credit to be awarded in this section, the overall arrangement must be workable, that is, it should be possible to collect the data required without undue difficulty if the apparatus were assembled as described. The measurin

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Link to our latest notes and resources: https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/15FnZdp3NJ15WmXnkrSWgi5ltd5rUI9Bg 24 Medical physics 24.1 Production and use of ultrasound Candidates should be able to: 1 2 3 4 5 6 understand that a piezo-electric crystal changes shape when a p.d. is applied across it and that the crystal generates an e.m.f. when its shape changes understand how ultrasound waves are generated and detected by a piezoelectric transducer understand how the reflection of pulses of ultrasound at boundaries between tissues can be used to obtain diagnostic information about internal structures define the specific acoustic impedance of a medium as Z = ρc, where c is the speed of sound in the medium use IR / I0 = (Z1 – Z2 )2 / (Z1 + Z2 )2 for the intensity reflection coefficient of a boundary between two media recall and use I = I0 e–μx for the attenuation of ultrasound in matter 24.2 Production and use of X-rays Candidates should be able to: 1 2 3 4 explain that X-r

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